Thursday, July 29, 2010

Is it me, or is this (while quite cool) not puzzling at all?

"Sailing" directly downwind, faster than the wind speed.

It's a cool vehicle, but there is no puzzle or paradox here, and it is not sailing downwind. It is powered by a propellor/windmill, the movement of which is perpendicular to the wind. A propellor is not a sail; in as much as the blades are analogous to the sails of a windmill wings of a bird, they're moving perpendicular to the wind, not parallel to it, and there's nothing particularly odd or counterintuitive in the idea that you can move faster than the windspeed when you're travelling at an angle to the wind - nearly anyone who sails on their local reservoir has probably done so, on a reach on a light wind day.

I think the thing that is confusing all the amateur physicists and which accounts for the slight does-your-head-in effect of the video is that when you look at the vehicle, you sort of want to consider the plane of rotation of the propellor as if it were a physical object that the wind was blowing against, analogous to a sail. But it isn't; all of the wind power in this thing is perpendicular to the direction of the wind, not directly downwind. It's moving directly downwind under wind power, but it isn't sailing.

Update: Looking at that comments thread, the other thing that confuses people is that the propellor is a propellor, not a windmill - it isn't being turned by the wind. I have made a strikethrough above accordingly.

5 comments:

  1. Well, it seemed counter intuitive to me at first but if I rotate my intuition 90 degrees everything works fine.

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  2. OT: H____'s P____ and S_____ P______ appear to have got the Spectator into a touch of trouble with the old libel thing.

    http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/QB/2010/2011.html

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  3. oooh interesting. This one goes into the "things which were absolutely, inevitably, bound to happen" file.

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  4. Ow ow ow ow ow. I can see a Fighting Fund around the corner.

    In retrospect, that whole rhetorical strategy - 1. label a group as Nazis 2. accuse lots of other people of being linked to that group - does seem a bit flawed.

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  5. Actually your explanation is not correct, and neither is your analogy to sailing (hint: the "angle" bit is crucial, and it's not only the angle between the sails and the wind that matters, but also between your velocity and the wind's velocity). There is a bit of sleight of hand in that video - notice how the speed is not sustained and it slows down right after it starts going faster than the wind.

    If I have time later I will write an explanation of what's happening there, but in the meantime think of this and you should be able to work it out:
    - If you are moving in the same direction and at the same speed as the wind, how fast is the wind going compared to you? If you were holding a sail/windmill would it make any difference at that angle you are holding it?
    - Let's say now you are in your hybrid car going directly against the wind (same as moving downwind faster than the wind). If you now put a wind turbine on the roof, and channel the generated electricity directly to the motor of your car, is it going to go faster or slower (assuming the throttle is the same)? (hint: one answer means we have discovered a source of free & unlimited energy!) Can you see the relation between this and the video?

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